I have a dumb story to tell about how I came to buy this book.
I’d been eyeing this book for a while, but because I had absolutely no business buying any new books at the time (thanks to the pile of unread books on my nightstand that had just arrived from The Book Depository), I just suppressed my longing for it. And boy, was I longing to read it: I’m a nerd, and I really needed to read some non-fiction that wasn’t about personal development or the brain.
And then I got a shiny new credit card in the mail to replace my expiring one. The instructions on the accompanying letter said to sign the back of the new card immediately, and then use it in order to confirm that it was, in fact, working.
Well…
When it comes to certain kinds of instructions, I am perfectly willing to be obedient.
(See what I did there? Oh, wait, too early in the review)
Anyway, that’s how I ended up buying Behind The Shock Machine: The Untold Story of the Notorious Milgram Psychology Experiments on a miserably rainy Sunday afternoon.
From the back cover:
In the summer of 1961, a group of men and women volunteered for a memory experiment to be conducted by young, dynamic psychologist Stanley Milgram. None could have imagined that, once seated in the lab, they would be placed in front of a box known as a shock machine and asked to give electric shocks to a man they’d just met. And no one could have foreseen how the repercussions of their actions, made under pressure and duress, would reverberate through their lives. For what the volunteers did not know was that the man was an actor, the shocks were fake, and what was really being tested was how far they would go.
When Milgram’s results were released, they created a worldwide sensation. He reported that people had repeatedly shocked a man they believed to be in pain, even dying, because they had been told to – linking the finding to Nazi behaviour during the Holocaust. But some questioned Milgram’s unethical methods in fooling people. Milgram became both hero and villain, and his work seized the public imagination for more than half a century, inspiring books, plays, films, and art.
For Gina Perry, the story of the experiments never felt finished. Listening to participants’ accounts and reading Milgram’s files and notebooks, she pieced together an intriguing, sensational story: Milgram’s plans had gone further than anyone imagined. This is the compelling tale of one man’s ambition and of the experiment that defined a generation.
I can’t remember when I first heard about the Milgram shock experiments, but the last time it entered my consciousness was when I was listening to a random Radiolab podcast about a year or so ago, and a guest had spoken dismissively of it. Whoever it was, he was saying that he tends to get very impatient whenever anyone tries to comment on the inherently obedient nature of human beings by reference to the Milgram experiments. Milgram ran his experiments under many different conditions, this guest explained, and he had found that the rate of obedience was drastically lower under other conditions.
But people only ever remember that one condition with the high rates of obedience. People only ever remember that subjects had willingly shocked a man, had willingly gone to the maximum voltage, because they were told to do so.
I’m guessing that the mystery Radiolab guest (a mystery because I no longer remember who it was, and which episode I’d been listening to) would approve of Gina Perry’s book. Behind The Shock Machine does exactly that: it takes us behind the scenes and introduces us to the cast of characters involved in the infamous experiments – Milgram himself, his staff (including the ‘experimenter’ and the ‘learner’, both of whom kept their involvement secret from their families), and most importantly, the volunteers who signed up to participate in what they thought was an innocuous study of memory and learning.
The book also dives into the problematic ethics of what Milgram subjected his volunteers to. I’m not sure I’m exaggerating when I say that the social psychology scene of the 1960s was a bit like the Wild West.
I asked if it bothered him, if he wondered what Milgram was doing when he saw how upset subject became. “No, we were all ethically dead at that time,” he responded, and laughed. I laughed along, but was taken aback at his honesty.
And let’s not even get me started on whether or not Milgram’s results can be relied upon. Gina does a much better job of dissecting the various problems with Milgram’s experiments than I ever could. Suffice to say that, just like that mystery Radiolab guest, I’m going to get very impatient with anyone who tries to make sweeping statements about human behaviour by referencing the Milgram experiments.





